Ubuntu
If the boot process returns a maintenance prompt, type:
fsck -yf /dev/sda1
exit
vCenter Server Appliance
Reboot the virtual appliance, and immediately after the OS starts, press e to open the GNU GRUB Edit Menu.
Locate the line that begins with the word linux. At the end of the line, add:
fsck.repair=yes
then press F10 to continue booting the appliance. This will force the default filesystem check to auto-resolve any issues, and does not require emergency mode.
Source KBA: https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2149838